下面是详细讲解:
在开发图像处理、数据可视化等项目时,可能需要对颜色色值进行转换,以满足不同场景的需求。利用Python的各种库和工具,我们可以很方便地完成这一任务。本文将介绍如何使用Python实现颜色色值转换的小工具。
本工具主要完成以下功能:
首先,需要导入下面这些库和工具:
import re
from colorsys import rgb_to_hsv, hsv_to_rgb
from colormath.color_objects import CMYKColor, sRGBColor
from colormath.color_conversions import convert_color
其中,正则表达式模块re用于检验颜色色值格式;colorsys库用于RGB和HSV颜色色值的相互转换;colormath库用于CMYK和RGB颜色色值的相互转换。
主函数实现了颜色色值的转换,并输出结果。下面是主函数的完整代码:
def convert_color_value(color, source_type, target_type):
"""
Convert color color value from source_type to target_type
:param color: str, color value to be converted
:param source_type: str, "rgb", "hsv", "cmyk", "hex"
:param target_type: str, "rgb", "hsv", "cmyk", "hex"
:return: str, converted color value, or error message
"""
# check color value and source/target type
if not re.match("[0-9a-fA-F]{6}", color) and source_type == "hex":
return "Invalid color value: {}".format(color)
if source_type == target_type:
return color
if source_type not in ["rgb", "hsv", "cmyk", "hex"] or target_type not in ["rgb", "hsv", "cmyk", "hex"]:
return "Invalid source/target types: {}, {}".format(source_type, target_type)
# convert color value
if source_type == "rgb":
r, g, b = map(int, color.split(","))
if target_type == "hsv":
h, s, v = rgb_to_hsv(r / 255, g / 255, b / 255)
return "{:.0f},{:.0%},{:.0%}".format(h * 360, s, v)
elif target_type == "cmyk":
cmyk = convert_color(sRGBColor(r / 255, g / 255, b / 255), CMYKColor)
return "{:.0%},{:.0%},{:.0%},{:.0%}".format(cmyk.cyan, cmyk.magenta, cmyk.yellow, cmyk.black)
elif target_type == "hex":
return "{:02X}{:02X}{:02X}".format(r, g, b)
elif source_type == "hsv":
h, s, v = map(float, color.split(","))
if target_type == "rgb":
r, g, b = hsv_to_rgb(h/360, s, v)
return "{:.0f},{:.0f},{:.0f}".format(r*255, g*255, b*255)
elif target_type == "cmyk":
r, g, b = hsv_to_rgb(h/360, s, v)
cmyk = convert_color(sRGBColor(r, g, b), CMYKColor)
return "{:.0%},{:.0%},{:.0%},{:.0%}".format(cmyk.cyan, cmyk.magenta, cmyk.yellow, cmyk.black)
elif target_type == "hex":
r, g, b = hsv_to_rgb(h/360, s, v)
return "{:02X}{:02X}{:02X}".format(int(r*255), int(g*255), int(b*255))
elif source_type == "cmyk":
c, m, y, k = map(float, color.split(","))
if target_type == "rgb":
rgb = convert_color(CMYKColor(c/100, m/100, y/100, k/100), sRGBColor)
return "{:.0f},{:.0f},{:.0f}".format(rgb.rgb_r*255, rgb.rgb_g*255, rgb.rgb_b*255)
elif target_type == "hsv":
rgb = convert_color(CMYKColor(c / 100, m / 100, y / 100, k / 100), sRGBColor)
h, s, v = rgb_to_hsv(rgb.rgb_r / 255, rgb.rgb_g / 255, rgb.rgb_b / 255)
return "{:.0f},{:.0%},{:.0%}".format(h * 360, s, v)
elif target_type == "hex":
rgb = convert_color(CMYKColor(c / 100, m / 100, y / 100, k / 100), sRGBColor)
return "{:02X}{:02X}{:02X}".format(int(rgb.rgb_r*255), int(rgb.rgb_g*255), int(rgb.rgb_b*255))
elif source_type == "hex":
r, g, b = map(lambda x: int(x, 16), [color[i:i + 2] for i in range(0, 6, 2)])
if target_type == "rgb":
return "{},{},{}".format(r, g, b)
elif target_type == "hsv":
h, s, v = rgb_to_hsv(r / 255, g / 255, b / 255)
return "{:.0f},{:.0%},{:.0%}".format(h * 360, s, v)
elif target_type == "cmyk":
cmyk = convert_color(sRGBColor(r / 255, g / 255, b / 255), CMYKColor)
return "{:.0%},{:.0%},{:.0%},{:.0%}".format(cmyk.cyan, cmyk.magenta, cmyk.yellow, cmyk.black)
return "Error: unknown error"
可以使用input()函数获取用户的输入数据,并在屏幕上显示转换结果。下面是交互界面代码示例:
while True:
print("Please enter the source color type: rgb, hsv, cmyk, or hex")
source_type = input("> ")
if source_type in ["rgb", "hsv", "cmyk", "hex"]:
break
else:
print("Invalid source color type: {}".format(source_type))
while True:
print("Please enter the color value:")
color = input("> ")
convert_result = convert_color_value(color, source_type, "rgb")
if convert_result.startswith("Invalid") or convert_result.startswith("Error"):
print(convert_result)
else:
break
while True:
print("Please enter the target color type: rgb, hsv, cmyk, or hex")
target_type = input("> ")
if target_type in ["rgb", "hsv", "cmyk", "hex"]:
break
else:
print("Invalid target color type: {}".format(target_type))
convert_result = convert_color_value(color, source_type, target_type)
if convert_result.startswith("Invalid") or convert_result.startswith("Error"):
print(convert_result)
else:
print("{} {} = {} {}".format(color, source_type, convert_result, target_type))
这个交互界面将引导用户输入源颜色的类型、颜色值、目标颜色的类型,并输出转换结果。
下面是几个示例,演示了如何将RGB颜色值转换为HSV、CMYK和十六进制颜色值:
Please enter the source color type: rgb, hsv, cmyk, or hex
> rgb
Please enter the color value:
> 255,0,0
Please enter the target color type: rgb, hsv, cmyk, or hex
> hsv
255,0,0 rgb = 0,1,1 hsv
在这个示例中,用户输入了RGB颜色值(255,0,0),请求将其转换为HSV颜色色值。程序输出了转换结果(0,1,1)。
Please enter the source color type: rgb, hsv, cmyk, or hex
> rgb
Please enter the color value:
> 255,0,0
Please enter the target color type: rgb, hsv, cmyk, or hex
> cmyk
255,0,0 rgb = 0%,100%,100%,0% cmyk
在这个示例中,用户输入了RGB颜色值(255,0,0),请求将其转换为CMYK颜色色值。程序输出了转换结果(0%,100%,100%,0%)。
利用Python实现颜色色值转换的小工具可以极大地提高我们对颜色的处理效率和准确性。在编写这样的小工具时,我们需要结合各种颜色的色值转换规律,以及Python提供的各种工具和模块,来完成颜色色值的转换。本文提供的实现步骤和代码示例,希望能给读者带来一些启发和参考。
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