在日常的 Web 开发中，会经常遇到大大小小的异常，此时往往需要一个统一的异常处理机制，来保证客户端能接收较为友好的提示。Spring Boot 同样提供了一套默认的异常处理机制，本节将对它进行详细的介绍。
图1：Spring Boot 默认错误白页
{
"timestamp": "2021-07-12T07:05:29.885+00:00",
"status": 404,
"error": "Not Found",
"message": "No message available",
"path": "/m1ain.html"
}
@Bean
public ErrorPageCustomizer errorPageCustomizer(DispatcherServletPath dispatcherServletPath) {
return new ErrorPageCustomizer(this.serverProperties, dispatcherServletPath);
}
@Override
public void registerErrorPages(ErrorPageRegistry errorPageRegistry) {
//将请求转发到 /errror（this.properties.getError().getPath()）上
ErrorPage errorPage = new ErrorPage(this.dispatcherServletPath.getRelativePath(this.properties.getError().getPath()));
// 注册错误页面
errorPageRegistry.addErrorPages(errorPage);
}
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ErrorController.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
public BasicErrorController basicErrorController(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes,
ObjectProvider<ErrorViewResolver> errorViewResolvers) {
return new BasicErrorController(errorAttributes, this.serverProperties.getError(),
errorViewResolvers.orderedStream().collect(Collectors.toList()));
}
//BasicErrorController 用于处理 “/error” 请求
@Controller
@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
......
/**
* 该方法用于处理浏览器客户端的请求发生的异常
* 生成 html 页面来展示异常信息
* @param request
* @param response
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(produces = MediaType.TEXT_HTML_VALUE)
public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
//获取错误状态码
HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
//getErrorAttributes 根据错误信息来封装一些 model 数据，用于页面显示
Map<String, Object> model = Collections
.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(request, getErrorAttributeOptions(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
//为响应对象设置错误状态码
response.setStatus(status.value());
//调用 resolveErrorView() 方法，使用错误视图解析器生成 ModelAndView 对象（包含错误页面地址和页面内容）
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
return (modelAndView != null) ? modelAndView : new ModelAndView("error", model);
}
/**
* 该方法用于处理机器客户端的请求发生的错误
* 产生 JSON 格式的数据展示错误信息
* @param request
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping
public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
if (status == HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT) {
return new ResponseEntity<>(status);
}
Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request, getErrorAttributeOptions(request, MediaType.ALL));
return new ResponseEntity<>(body, status);
}
......
}
| 返回值类型 | 方法声明 | 客户端类型 | 错误信息返类型 |
|---|---|---|---|
| ModelAndView | errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) | 浏览器客户端 | text/html（错误页面） |
| ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> | error(HttpServletRequest request) | 机器客户端（例如安卓、IOS、Postman 等等） | JSON |
protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status,
Map<String, Object> model) {
//获取容器中的所有的错误视图解析器来处理该异常信息
for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) {
//调用错误视图解析器的 resolveErrorView 解析到错误视图页面
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model);
if (modelAndView != null) {
return modelAndView;
}
}
return null;
}
@Bean
@ConditionalOnBean(DispatcherServlet.class)
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(ErrorViewResolver.class)
DefaultErrorViewResolver conventionErrorViewResolver() {
return new DefaultErrorViewResolver(this.applicationContext, this.resources);
}
public class DefaultErrorViewResolver implements ErrorViewResolver, Ordered {
private static final Map<HttpStatus.Series, String> SERIES_VIEWS;
static {
Map<HttpStatus.Series, String> views = new EnumMap<>(HttpStatus.Series.class);
views.put(Series.CLIENT_ERROR, "4xx");
views.put(Series.SERVER_ERROR, "5xx");
SERIES_VIEWS = Collections.unmodifiableMap(views);
}
......
@Override
public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) {
//尝试以错误状态码作为错误页面名进行解析
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status.value()), model);
if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {
//尝试以 4xx 或 5xx 作为错误页面页面进行解析
modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model);
}
return modelAndView;
}
private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {
//错误模板页面，例如 error/404、error/4xx、error/500、error/5xx
String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName;
//当模板引擎可以解析这些模板页面时，就用模板引擎解析
TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders.getProvider(errorViewName,
this.applicationContext);
if (provider != null) {
//在模板能够解析到模板页面的情况下，返回 errorViewName 指定的视图
return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model);
}
//若模板引擎不能解析，则去静态资源文件夹下查找 errorViewName 对应的页面
return resolveResource(errorViewName, model);
}
private ModelAndView resolveResource(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {
//遍历所有静态资源文件夹
for (String location : this.resources.getStaticLocations()) {
try {
Resource resource = this.applicationContext.getResource(location);
//静态资源文件夹下的错误页面，例如error/404.html、error/4xx.html、error/500.html、error/5xx.html
resource = resource.createRelative(viewName + ".html");
//若静态资源文件夹下存在以上错误页面，则直接返回
if (resource.exists()) {
return new ModelAndView(new DefaultErrorViewResolver.HtmlResourceView(resource), model);
}
} catch (Exception ex) {
}
}
return null;
}
......
}
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ErrorAttributes.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
public DefaultErrorAttributes errorAttributes() {
return new DefaultErrorAttributes();
}
public class DefaultErrorAttributes implements ErrorAttributes, HandlerExceptionResolver, Ordered {
......
@Override
public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(WebRequest webRequest, ErrorAttributeOptions options) {
Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = getErrorAttributes(webRequest, options.isIncluded(Include.STACK_TRACE));
if (!options.isIncluded(Include.EXCEPTION)) {
errorAttributes.remove("exception");
}
if (!options.isIncluded(Include.STACK_TRACE)) {
errorAttributes.remove("trace");
}
if (!options.isIncluded(Include.MESSAGE) && errorAttributes.get("message") != null) {
errorAttributes.remove("message");
}
if (!options.isIncluded(Include.BINDING_ERRORS)) {
errorAttributes.remove("errors");
}
return errorAttributes;
}
private Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(WebRequest webRequest, boolean includeStackTrace) {
Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<>();
errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());
addStatus(errorAttributes, webRequest);
addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, webRequest, includeStackTrace);
addPath(errorAttributes, webRequest);
return errorAttributes;
}
......
}
本文链接：http://task.lmcjl.com/news/6005.html