virtual 返回值类型 函数名 (函数参数) = 0;
纯虚函数没有函数体,只有函数声明,在虚函数声明的结尾加上=0
,表明此函数为纯虚函数。
包含纯虚函数的类称为抽象类(Abstract Class)。之所以说它抽象,是因为它无法实例化,也就是无法创建对象。原因很明显,纯虚函数没有函数体,不是完整的函数,无法调用,也无法为其分配内存空间。#include <iostream> using namespace std; //线 class Line{ public: Line(float len); virtual float area() = 0; virtual float volume() = 0; protected: float m_len; }; Line::Line(float len): m_len(len){ } //矩形 class Rec: public Line{ public: Rec(float len, float width); float area(); protected: float m_width; }; Rec::Rec(float len, float width): Line(len), m_width(width){ } float Rec::area(){ return m_len * m_width; } //长方体 class Cuboid: public Rec{ public: Cuboid(float len, float width, float height); float area(); float volume(); protected: float m_height; }; Cuboid::Cuboid(float len, float width, float height): Rec(len, width), m_height(height){ } float Cuboid::area(){ return 2 * ( m_len*m_width + m_len*m_height + m_width*m_height); } float Cuboid::volume(){ return m_len * m_width * m_height; } //正方体 class Cube: public Cuboid{ public: Cube(float len); float area(); float volume(); }; Cube::Cube(float len): Cuboid(len, len, len){ } float Cube::area(){ return 6 * m_len * m_len; } float Cube::volume(){ return m_len * m_len * m_len; } int main(){ Line *p = new Cuboid(10, 20, 30); cout<<"The area of Cuboid is "<<p->area()<<endl; cout<<"The volume of Cuboid is "<<p->volume()<<endl; p = new Cube(15); cout<<"The area of Cube is "<<p->area()<<endl; cout<<"The volume of Cube is "<<p->volume()<<endl; return 0; }运行结果:
//顶层函数不能被声明为纯虚函数 void fun() = 0; //compile error class base{ public : //普通成员函数不能被声明为纯虚函数 void display() = 0; //compile error };
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