<<
和右移运算符>>
分别进行了重载,使其能够用于不同数据的输入输出,但是输入输出的对象只能是 C++ 内置的数据类型(例如 bool、int、double 等)和标准库所包含的类类型(例如 string、complex、ofstream、ifstream 等)。cout<<num1<<num2<<endl;
输入形式就是:cin>>num1>>num2;
cout 是 ostream 类的对象,cin 是 istream 类的对象,要想达到这个目标,就必须以全局函数(友元函数)的形式重载<<
和>>
,否则就要修改标准库中的类,这显然不是我们所期望的。>>
,使它能够读入两个 double 类型的数据,并分别赋值给复数的实部和虚部:istream & operator>>(istream &in, complex &A){ in >> A.m_real >> A.m_imag; return in; }istream 表示输入流,cin 是 istream 类的对象,只不过这个对象是在标准库中定义的。之所以返回 istream 类对象的引用,是为了能够连续读取复数,让代码书写更加漂亮,例如:
complex c1, c2;
cin>>c1>>c2;
complex c1, c2;
cin>>c1;
cin>>c2;
friend istream & operator>>(istream & in , complex &a);
>>
运算符可以按照下面的方式使用:
complex c;
cin>>c;
1.45 2.34↙
后,这两个小数就分别成为对象 c 的实部和虚部了。cin>> c;
这一语句其实可以理解为:
operator<<(cin , c);
>>
进行重载,让它能够输出复数,请看下面的代码:
ostream & operator<<(ostream &out, complex &A){ out << A.m_real <<" + "<< A.m_imag <<" i "; return out; }ostream 表示输出流,cout 是 ostream 类的对象。由于采用了引用的方式进行参数传递,并且也返回了对象的引用,所以重载后的运算符可以实现连续输出。
friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &out, complex &A);
#include <iostream> using namespace std; class complex{ public: complex(double real = 0.0, double imag = 0.0): m_real(real), m_imag(imag){ }; public: friend complex operator+(const complex & A, const complex & B); friend complex operator-(const complex & A, const complex & B); friend complex operator*(const complex & A, const complex & B); friend complex operator/(const complex & A, const complex & B); friend istream & operator>>(istream & in, complex & A); friend ostream & operator<<(ostream & out, complex & A); private: double m_real; //实部 double m_imag; //虚部 }; //重载加法运算符 complex operator+(const complex & A, const complex &B){ complex C; C.m_real = A.m_real + B.m_real; C.m_imag = A.m_imag + B.m_imag; return C; } //重载减法运算符 complex operator-(const complex & A, const complex &B){ complex C; C.m_real = A.m_real - B.m_real; C.m_imag = A.m_imag - B.m_imag; return C; } //重载乘法运算符 complex operator*(const complex & A, const complex &B){ complex C; C.m_real = A.m_real * B.m_real - A.m_imag * B.m_imag; C.m_imag = A.m_imag * B.m_real + A.m_real * B.m_imag; return C; } //重载除法运算符 complex operator/(const complex & A, const complex & B){ complex C; double square = A.m_real * A.m_real + A.m_imag * A.m_imag; C.m_real = (A.m_real * B.m_real + A.m_imag * B.m_imag)/square; C.m_imag = (A.m_imag * B.m_real - A.m_real * B.m_imag)/square; return C; } //重载输入运算符 istream & operator>>(istream & in, complex & A){ in >> A.m_real >> A.m_imag; return in; } //重载输出运算符 ostream & operator<<(ostream & out, complex & A){ out << A.m_real <<" + "<< A.m_imag <<" i ";; return out; } int main(){ complex c1, c2, c3; cin>>c1>>c2; c3 = c1 + c2; cout<<"c1 + c2 = "<<c3<<endl; c3 = c1 - c2; cout<<"c1 - c2 = "<<c3<<endl; c3 = c1 * c2; cout<<"c1 * c2 = "<<c3<<endl; c3 = c1 / c2; cout<<"c1 / c2 = "<<c3<<endl; return 0; }运行结果:
本文链接:http://task.lmcjl.com/news/8666.html